Editing Palmiro Togliatti (section)

== End of WWII ==
The fascist general Pietro Badoglio, who had committed genocide in Libya and Ethiopia, surrendered in September 1943 to the Allies. He and the Italian Monarchy signed an armistice with the Allies, and declared war on [[Nazi Germany]] in October. [[Wikipedia]] admits, "The British government saw Badoglio as a guarantor of an anti-communist post-war Italy. Consequently, Badoglio was never tried for Italian war crimes committed in Africa."<ref>Wikipedia, Pietro Badoglio. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietro_Badoglio#Final_years</ref>

On the mass level, communists had led the partisan resistance, and were now extremely popular and well armed. Yet in 1944, Togliatti carried out the Salerno U-Turn.

According to [[Wikipedia]], "With the Salerno Turn, the PCI committed to supporting democracy and to abandon the armed struggle for the cause of socialism."<ref>Wikipedia, Palmiro Togliatti. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmiro_Togliatti</ref> The communists had to lay down their weapons.

In exchange, Togliatti formed a "government of national unity" with the fascist Badoglio and the Italian monarchy. Togliatti received positions in the "second Badoglio government". 

From April 1944 to June 1945, Togliatti was "minister without portfolio" (nothing) and Deputy Prime Minister, which is completely subservient to the Prime Minister (and a position that does not even exist in the constitution). The Prime Minister was bourgeois social-democrat Ivanoe Bonomi.

From June 1945 to July 1946, Togliatti served under a new Prime Minister, De Gasperi. As a Christian Democrat, De Gasperi worked with other Christian Democrats across Europe, like the German Konrad Adenauer, who knowingly let Nazis of a illegal secret terrorist army of 40,000 SS veterans join his Christian Democratic Union.<ref>Sovinform on Facebook, Nazi Germany establishes an underground Nazi state. https://www.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=140968699009296&id=100092884981407</ref><ref>Der Spiegel, Nazi veterans assembled secret army. https://constantinereport.com/der-spiegel-nazi-veterans-assembled-secret-army-1949/</ref> De Gasperi and Adenauer would create the [[European Union]] in 1958 as the economic [[Fourth Reich]], with NATO as its military.

Under De Gasperi, Togliatti was Minister of Justice. Without the approval of his Communist Party, he decreed an amnesty for all crimes committed during WWII, except rape and sexual torture. The partisans had committed less crimes than the fascists, so this was widely considered a betrayal of his party. And the Allied Force Headquarters in Italy would end up pardoning even more fascists and framing partisans.

In January 1947, Togliatti was glazing De Gasperi as "the main exponent of the strongest among the popular and democratic parties on which the government will have to be based". <ref>https://sites.google.com/site/sentileranechecantano/cronologia/1947</ref> Here he was talking about a movement filled with fascist war criminals as "popular and democratic". Yet what Stalin meant by "people's democracy" was a dictatorship of anti-fascists led by the working class. 

In March 1947, against the dominant line in his own Party, Togliatti voted to include the Lateran Treaty with the [[Vatican]] in the Italian constitution. 

=== Soviet criticism ===
Some bourgeois historians claim Stalin wanted Togliatti to fail in Italy because his percentages agreement with Churchill gave Italy to the West. Yet, the Soviets harshly criticized Togliatti for disarming the workers and pursuing bourgeois electoralism.

At the first congress of the [[Cominform]], the Soviets handed the Yugoslavs a bunch of material, prepared by [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]] and [[Zhdanov]], to use for denouncing the Italians and French. <ref name=":0">Bill Bland, The Cominform Fights Revisionism. https://www.marxists.org/archive/bland/x01/cominform-fights-revisionism.pdf</ref> Togliatti was accused of hoping for peaceful parliamentary action and being subservient to the Vatican. <blockquote>[The Cominform representative] began by asserting [the French and Italians] had placed their country at the mercy of American imperialism, first by permitting the resistance forces to be dissolved, then by making one concession after another to the forces of reaction, and finally by tolerating their own exclusion from the government. The two parties had committed their major error when they declared they would never be swayed from the path of parliamentarism. <ref name=":0" /></blockquote>The leaders of the parties were accused of "political and ideological liberalism", and the parties suffered from fear of taking responsibility and lack of revolutionary vigilance. <ref name=":0" />