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	<id>http://infrawiki.us/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=A._James_Gregor</id>
	<title>A. James Gregor - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://infrawiki.us/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=A._James_Gregor"/>
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	<updated>2026-08-29T14:24:43Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>http://infrawiki.us/index.php?title=A._James_Gregor&amp;diff=7511&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>ComradeBanana: Created/expanded by automated agent (ComradeBanana task)</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://infrawiki.us/index.php?title=A._James_Gregor&amp;diff=7511&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-08-21T11:13:11Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created/expanded by automated agent (ComradeBanana task)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw-interface=&quot;&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 11:13, 21 August 2026&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;A. James Gregor&#039;&#039;&#039; &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;is &lt;/del&gt;the Berkeley professor who made a career arguing fascism was really just &quot;developmental dictatorship&quot; &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;— &lt;/del&gt;late-modernizing nations doing what they had to do, nothing to see here.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;A. James Gregor&#039;&#039;&#039; &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;— &lt;/ins&gt;the Berkeley professor who made a career arguing fascism was really just &quot;developmental dictatorship&quot;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;: &lt;/ins&gt;late-modernizing nations doing what they had to do, nothing to see here.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;He hasn&#039;t been &lt;/del&gt;named in transcribed streams, so &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;this page won&#039;t &lt;/del&gt;put &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;words &lt;/del&gt;in Haz&#039;s mouth. But the Gregor question is live in everything the movement debates: is China &quot;fascist&quot;? Was Nazi Germany anti-capitalist? ([[Vampire economy]]) Is patriotic socialism red-brown entryism? Gregor&#039;s framework says all developmental states are the same animal. The Marxist answer is no: fascism preserved capital&#039;s command and murdered the workers&#039; movement; socialism abolished capital&#039;s command and raised the workers to rule. Whatever the deformations, the class content is the difference — and Gregor&#039;s framework exists precisely to blur it ([[Nazi-Maoism]], [[Red-Fascism]]).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Not &lt;/ins&gt;named in transcribed streams, so &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;no words &lt;/ins&gt;put in Haz&#039;s mouth. But the Gregor question is live in everything the movement debates: is China &quot;fascist&quot;? Was Nazi Germany anti-capitalist? ([[Vampire economy]]) Is patriotic socialism red-brown entryism? Gregor&#039;s framework says all developmental states are the same animal. The Marxist answer is no: fascism preserved capital&#039;s command and murdered the workers&#039; movement; socialism abolished capital&#039;s command and raised the workers to rule. Whatever the deformations, the class content is the difference — and Gregor&#039;s framework exists precisely to blur it ([[Nazi-Maoism]], [[Red-Fascism]]).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== See also ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== See also ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>ComradeBanana</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://infrawiki.us/index.php?title=A._James_Gregor&amp;diff=7354&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>ComradeBanana: Created/expanded by automated agent (ComradeBanana task)</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://infrawiki.us/index.php?title=A._James_Gregor&amp;diff=7354&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-08-21T10:36:01Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created/expanded by automated agent (ComradeBanana task)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw-interface=&quot;&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 10:36, 21 August 2026&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;A. James Gregor&#039;&#039;&#039; &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;(1929–2019) — &lt;/del&gt;the Berkeley &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;political scientist of &lt;/del&gt;&quot;developmental &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;fascism&lt;/del&gt;&quot; — &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;has not been a named reference in Infrared&#039;s transcribed streams&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;though his framework haunts every debate over whether national development states are &quot;fascist&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;A. James Gregor&#039;&#039;&#039; &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;is &lt;/ins&gt;the Berkeley &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;professor who made a career arguing fascism was really just &lt;/ins&gt;&quot;developmental &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;dictatorship&lt;/ins&gt;&quot; — &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;late-modernizing nations doing what they had to do&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;nothing to see here&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[This &lt;/del&gt;page &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;awaits stream sourcing. &lt;/del&gt;Haz&#039;s &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;relevant terrain, where &lt;/del&gt;Gregor&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;s questions are &lt;/del&gt;live:&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;He hasn&#039;t been named in transcribed streams, so this &lt;/ins&gt;page &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;won&#039;t put words in &lt;/ins&gt;Haz&#039;s &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mouth. But the &lt;/ins&gt;Gregor &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;question is &lt;/ins&gt;live &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;in everything the movement debates&lt;/ins&gt;: &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;is &lt;/ins&gt;China &quot;fascist&quot;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;? Was &lt;/ins&gt;Nazi &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Germany anti&lt;/ins&gt;-&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;capitalist? &lt;/ins&gt;([[Vampire economy]]) &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Is patriotic socialism red&lt;/ins&gt;-&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;brown entryism&lt;/ins&gt;? Gregor&#039;s &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;framework says all &lt;/ins&gt;developmental &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;states are the same animal&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The &lt;/ins&gt;Marxist answer &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;is no: fascism preserved capital&#039;s command and murdered the workers&#039; movement; socialism abolished capital&#039;s command and raised the workers to rule&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Whatever the deformations, the class content is the difference — and Gregor&#039;s framework exists precisely to blur it &lt;/ins&gt;([[Nazi-Maoism]], [[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Red-Fascism&lt;/ins&gt;]]).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* The repeated debates over whether &lt;/del&gt;China &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;is &lt;/del&gt;&quot;fascist&quot; &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;or communist — the developmental-dictatorship frame is exactly Gregor&#039;s lens applied to the PRC.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* The &lt;/del&gt;Nazi-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Germany economy discussions &lt;/del&gt;([[Vampire economy]])&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;: was Nazism anti&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;capitalist or capitalism-in-command-form&lt;/del&gt;? Gregor&#039;s &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;answer (&lt;/del&gt;developmental&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, modernizing, anti-Marxist) vs&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;Marxist answer &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;(counter-revolution in emergency form)&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* The red-brown question generally &lt;/del&gt;([[Nazi-Maoism]], [[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;European New Right&lt;/del&gt;]])&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Until Haz addresses him directly, this page records the gap rather than inventing a position&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== See also ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== See also ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* [[Vampire economy]]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Zoran Zoltanous]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Zoran Zoltanous]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;!-- diff cache key infrawiki-mediawiki-:diff:1.41:old-7245:rev-7354:php=table --&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>ComradeBanana</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://infrawiki.us/index.php?title=A._James_Gregor&amp;diff=7245&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>ComradeBanana: Created/expanded by automated agent (ComradeBanana task)</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://infrawiki.us/index.php?title=A._James_Gregor&amp;diff=7245&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-08-21T09:59:37Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created/expanded by automated agent (ComradeBanana task)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw-interface=&quot;&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 09:59, 21 August 2026&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;A. James Gregor&#039;&#039;&#039; (1929–2019) &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;was an American &lt;/del&gt;political scientist &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;at UC Berkeley, the leading academic theorist &lt;/del&gt;of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;/del&gt;&quot;developmental fascism&quot;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039; &lt;/del&gt;— &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the thesis that fascism, &lt;/del&gt;in &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;its Italian form and its imitators&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;functioned historically as a developmental dictatorship for late-modernizing nations&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;A. James Gregor&#039;&#039;&#039; (1929–2019) &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;— the Berkeley &lt;/ins&gt;political scientist of &quot;developmental fascism&quot; — &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;has not been a named reference &lt;/ins&gt;in &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Infrared&#039;s transcribed streams&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;though his framework haunts every debate over whether national development states are &quot;fascist&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;== Work ==&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[This page awaits stream sourcing. Haz&lt;/ins&gt;&#039;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;s relevant terrain&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;where Gregor&lt;/ins&gt;&#039;s &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;questions are live:]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* &lt;/del&gt;&#039;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;The Ideology of Fascism&#039;&#039; (1969), &#039;&#039;Italian Fascism and Developmental Dictatorship&#039;&#039; (1979)&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;Mussolini&lt;/del&gt;&#039;s &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Intellectuals&#039;&#039;, and studies of Chinese communism interpreted through &lt;/del&gt;the &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;same &lt;/del&gt;developmental lens.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* The repeated debates over whether China is &quot;fascist&quot; or communist — &lt;/ins&gt;the developmental&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;-dictatorship frame is exactly Gregor&#039;s &lt;/ins&gt;lens &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;applied to the PRC&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Argued fascism &lt;/del&gt;was &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;not mere reaction but a revolutionary syncretic ideology: nationalism plus state&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;directed modernization for societies where liberal &lt;/del&gt;capitalism &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;arrived too late and &lt;/del&gt;revolution &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;from the left threatened the national state&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The Nazi-Germany economy discussions ([[Vampire economy]]): &lt;/ins&gt;was &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Nazism anti&lt;/ins&gt;-&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;capitalist or &lt;/ins&gt;capitalism&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;-in-command-form? Gregor&#039;s answer (developmental, modernizing, anti-Marxist) vs. the Marxist answer (counter-&lt;/ins&gt;revolution &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;in emergency form)&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;His framework influenced both academic fascism studies and the &lt;/del&gt;New Right&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;s self-understanding; he also consulted on security matters and wrote on Marxism-Leninism as a parallel developmental ideology&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The red-brown question generally ([[Nazi-Maoism]], [[European &lt;/ins&gt;New Right&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]])&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;== Infrared relevance ==&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Until Haz addresses him directly&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;this page records &lt;/ins&gt;the &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;gap rather than inventing &lt;/ins&gt;a &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;position&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Gregor is read in red-brown discourse as the scholar who &#039;&#039;&#039;normalized the comparison&#039;&#039;&#039; between fascist and communist developmental states — a comparison Infrared rejects in one direction (Soviet socialism was qualitatively different: abolition&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;not management, of capital) while acknowledging in &lt;/del&gt;the &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;other: that nationalism is &lt;/del&gt;a &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;real material force every successful revolution has mobilized. His work is essential reading for understanding how the European New Right borrows socialist categories (see [[European New Right]], [[Nazi-Maoism]], [[Strasserism]])&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== See also ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== See also ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* [[Vampire economy]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Zoran Zoltanous]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Zoran Zoltanous]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* [[Arktos Media]]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== References ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== References ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;!-- diff cache key infrawiki-mediawiki-:diff:1.41:old-7166:rev-7245:php=table --&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>ComradeBanana</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://infrawiki.us/index.php?title=A._James_Gregor&amp;diff=7166&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>ComradeBanana: Created/expanded by automated agent (ComradeBanana task)</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://infrawiki.us/index.php?title=A._James_Gregor&amp;diff=7166&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-08-21T09:15:37Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created/expanded by automated agent (ComradeBanana task)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;A. James Gregor&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (1929–2019) was an American political scientist at UC Berkeley, the leading academic theorist of &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;quot;developmental fascism&amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — the thesis that fascism, in its Italian form and its imitators, functioned historically as a developmental dictatorship for late-modernizing nations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Work ==&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Ideology of Fascism&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (1969), &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Italian Fascism and Developmental Dictatorship&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (1979), &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Mussolini&amp;#039;s Intellectuals&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, and studies of Chinese communism interpreted through the same developmental lens.&lt;br /&gt;
* Argued fascism was not mere reaction but a revolutionary syncretic ideology: nationalism plus state-directed modernization for societies where liberal capitalism arrived too late and revolution from the left threatened the national state.&lt;br /&gt;
* His framework influenced both academic fascism studies and the New Right&amp;#039;s self-understanding; he also consulted on security matters and wrote on Marxism-Leninism as a parallel developmental ideology.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Infrared relevance ==&lt;br /&gt;
Gregor is read in red-brown discourse as the scholar who &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;normalized the comparison&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; between fascist and communist developmental states — a comparison Infrared rejects in one direction (Soviet socialism was qualitatively different: abolition, not management, of capital) while acknowledging in the other: that nationalism is a real material force every successful revolution has mobilized. His work is essential reading for understanding how the European New Right borrows socialist categories (see [[European New Right]], [[Nazi-Maoism]], [[Strasserism]]).&lt;br /&gt;
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== See also ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Zoran Zoltanous]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Arktos Media]]&lt;br /&gt;
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== References ==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Category:People]][[Category:Fascism]][[Category:Ideology]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>ComradeBanana</name></author>
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