Communist Party USA - Revision history

imported>Azadsingh: Delete broken infobox

2025-11-03T01:35:38Z

Delete broken infobox

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:35, 3 November 2025
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	~~{{Infobox political party\|name=Communist Party of the United States of America\|logo=File:CPUSA.jpg\|founded=September 1 1919; 105 years ago\|political_orientation=[[Marxism-Leninism]] (Claimed)<br>~~
	~~[[RedLib\|Red Liberalism]]<br>~~
	~~[[Revisionism]]<br>}}~~

	The '''Communist Party of the United States of America''' ('''CPUSA''') is a [[communist party]] in the [[United States of America\|United States]] currently under a [[Reformism\|reformist]] and [[Opportunism\|opportunist]] leadership.<ref>{{News citation\|journalist=John Bachtell, chairman of PCUSA until 2019\|date=2014-06-23\|title=Elections, the state, reform and revolution\|url=http://www.politicalaffairs.net/elections-the-state-reform-and-revolution/\|newspaper=Political Affairs\|archive-url=\|archive-date=\|retrieved=\|quote=The CPUSA has long said the transition to US socialism will be much more prolonged and complex. [...] Just like the socialist society we envision - peaceful, humane and democratic – so too must be the path as it will shape every aspect of the new society.<br><br>[...]<br><br>Marx and Engels foresaw the possibility of peaceful transition particularly under conditions of the democratic or bourgeois republic. [...] Even Lenin initially thought a peaceful transition to workers' and peasants' power in Russia would be possible as a result of the crisis brought on by WWI, but the armed intervention of western imperialist powers changed the course of history.}}</ref><ref>{{News citation\|journalist=John Bachtell, chairman of CPUSA until 2019\|date=2018-04-25\|title=Marxism a vibrant philosophical outlook, says CPUSA leader\|url=https://www.cpusa.org/article/marxism-a-vibrant-philosophical-outlook-says-cpusa-leader/\|newspaper=CPUSA Blog\|archive-url=\|archive-date=\|retrieved=\|quote=Non-violent peaceful resistance is a very important form of struggle. <br><br>[...]<br><br>It will be what we call a democratic path. One that utilizes the electoral arena but also other democratic venues where we’re constantly trying to expand our right}}</ref><ref>[[Essay:On the Webbite Tendency in CPUSA\|On the Webbite Tendency in CPUSA]]: Essay by anonymous CPUSA Party member, published by [[Comrade:Jucheguevara\|Jucheguevara]]</ref> It was established in 1919 after a split from the [[Socialist Party of America]].		The '''Communist Party of the United States of America''' ('''CPUSA''') is a [[communist party]] in the [[United States of America\|United States]] currently under a [[Reformism\|reformist]] and [[Opportunism\|opportunist]] leadership.<ref>{{News citation\|journalist=John Bachtell, chairman of PCUSA until 2019\|date=2014-06-23\|title=Elections, the state, reform and revolution\|url=http://www.politicalaffairs.net/elections-the-state-reform-and-revolution/\|newspaper=Political Affairs\|archive-url=\|archive-date=\|retrieved=\|quote=The CPUSA has long said the transition to US socialism will be much more prolonged and complex. [...] Just like the socialist society we envision - peaceful, humane and democratic – so too must be the path as it will shape every aspect of the new society.<br><br>[...]<br><br>Marx and Engels foresaw the possibility of peaceful transition particularly under conditions of the democratic or bourgeois republic. [...] Even Lenin initially thought a peaceful transition to workers' and peasants' power in Russia would be possible as a result of the crisis brought on by WWI, but the armed intervention of western imperialist powers changed the course of history.}}</ref><ref>{{News citation\|journalist=John Bachtell, chairman of CPUSA until 2019\|date=2018-04-25\|title=Marxism a vibrant philosophical outlook, says CPUSA leader\|url=https://www.cpusa.org/article/marxism-a-vibrant-philosophical-outlook-says-cpusa-leader/\|newspaper=CPUSA Blog\|archive-url=\|archive-date=\|retrieved=\|quote=Non-violent peaceful resistance is a very important form of struggle. <br><br>[...]<br><br>It will be what we call a democratic path. One that utilizes the electoral arena but also other democratic venues where we’re constantly trying to expand our right}}</ref><ref>[[Essay:On the Webbite Tendency in CPUSA\|On the Webbite Tendency in CPUSA]]: Essay by anonymous CPUSA Party member, published by [[Comrade:Jucheguevara\|Jucheguevara]]</ref> It was established in 1919 after a split from the [[Socialist Party of America]].

imported>American Patriotic Marxist at 19:05, 24 November 2024

2024-11-24T19:05:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:05, 24 November 2024
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			{{Infobox political party\|name=Communist Party of the United States of America\|logo=File:CPUSA.jpg\|founded=September 1 1919; 105 years ago\|political_orientation=[[Marxism-Leninism]] (Claimed)<br>
			[[RedLib\|Red Liberalism]]<br>
			[[Revisionism]]<br>}}

	The '''Communist Party of the United States of America''' ('''CPUSA''') is a [[communist party]] in the [[United States of America\|United States]] currently under a [[Reformism\|reformist]] and [[Opportunism\|opportunist]] leadership.<ref>{{News citation\|journalist=John Bachtell, chairman of PCUSA until 2019\|date=2014-06-23\|title=Elections, the state, reform and revolution\|url=http://www.politicalaffairs.net/elections-the-state-reform-and-revolution/\|newspaper=Political Affairs\|archive-url=\|archive-date=\|retrieved=\|quote=The CPUSA has long said the transition to US socialism will be much more prolonged and complex. [...] Just like the socialist society we envision - peaceful, humane and democratic – so too must be the path as it will shape every aspect of the new society.<br><br>[...]<br><br>Marx and Engels foresaw the possibility of peaceful transition particularly under conditions of the democratic or bourgeois republic. [...] Even Lenin initially thought a peaceful transition to workers' and peasants' power in Russia would be possible as a result of the crisis brought on by WWI, but the armed intervention of western imperialist powers changed the course of history.}}</ref><ref>{{News citation\|journalist=John Bachtell, chairman of CPUSA until 2019\|date=2018-04-25\|title=Marxism a vibrant philosophical outlook, says CPUSA leader\|url=https://www.cpusa.org/article/marxism-a-vibrant-philosophical-outlook-says-cpusa-leader/\|newspaper=CPUSA Blog\|archive-url=\|archive-date=\|retrieved=\|quote=Non-violent peaceful resistance is a very important form of struggle. <br><br>[...]<br><br>It will be what we call a democratic path. One that utilizes the electoral arena but also other democratic venues where we’re constantly trying to expand our right}}</ref><ref>[[Essay:On the Webbite Tendency in CPUSA\|On the Webbite Tendency in CPUSA]]: Essay by anonymous CPUSA Party member, published by [[Comrade:Jucheguevara\|Jucheguevara]]</ref> It was established in 1919 after a split from the [[Socialist Party of America]].		The '''Communist Party of the United States of America''' ('''CPUSA''') is a [[communist party]] in the [[United States of America\|United States]] currently under a [[Reformism\|reformist]] and [[Opportunism\|opportunist]] leadership.<ref>{{News citation\|journalist=John Bachtell, chairman of PCUSA until 2019\|date=2014-06-23\|title=Elections, the state, reform and revolution\|url=http://www.politicalaffairs.net/elections-the-state-reform-and-revolution/\|newspaper=Political Affairs\|archive-url=\|archive-date=\|retrieved=\|quote=The CPUSA has long said the transition to US socialism will be much more prolonged and complex. [...] Just like the socialist society we envision - peaceful, humane and democratic – so too must be the path as it will shape every aspect of the new society.<br><br>[...]<br><br>Marx and Engels foresaw the possibility of peaceful transition particularly under conditions of the democratic or bourgeois republic. [...] Even Lenin initially thought a peaceful transition to workers' and peasants' power in Russia would be possible as a result of the crisis brought on by WWI, but the armed intervention of western imperialist powers changed the course of history.}}</ref><ref>{{News citation\|journalist=John Bachtell, chairman of CPUSA until 2019\|date=2018-04-25\|title=Marxism a vibrant philosophical outlook, says CPUSA leader\|url=https://www.cpusa.org/article/marxism-a-vibrant-philosophical-outlook-says-cpusa-leader/\|newspaper=CPUSA Blog\|archive-url=\|archive-date=\|retrieved=\|quote=Non-violent peaceful resistance is a very important form of struggle. <br><br>[...]<br><br>It will be what we call a democratic path. One that utilizes the electoral arena but also other democratic venues where we’re constantly trying to expand our right}}</ref><ref>[[Essay:On the Webbite Tendency in CPUSA\|On the Webbite Tendency in CPUSA]]: Essay by anonymous CPUSA Party member, published by [[Comrade:Jucheguevara\|Jucheguevara]]</ref> It was established in 1919 after a split from the [[Socialist Party of America]].

imported>Tiraspol at 07:28, 17 February 2023

2023-02-17T07:28:30Z

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	<references />		<references />
	[[Category:American communist parties]]		[[Category:American communist parties]]
			[[Category:American political parties]]

imported>American Marxist-Leninist: Added references to the Collapse of the CPUSA which are missing

2023-02-10T20:43:02Z

Added references to the Collapse of the CPUSA which are missing

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:43, 10 February 2023
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	The CPUSA opposed the [[Korean War]] and [[Syngman Rhee]]'s puppet government in [[Republic of Korea\|South Korea]] as well as the U.S. puppet states in [[Taiwan Province]] and [[Republic of Vietnam (1955–1975)\|South Vietnam]]. On June 29, 1951, the CPUSA held the [[People's Congress for Peace]] in [[Chicago]]. The congress had 5,000 delegates, including 1,500 Black delegates and over 1,600 women.<ref>{{Citation\|author=William Z. Foster\|year=1952\|title=History of the Communist Party of the United States\|title-url=http://williamzfoster.blogspot.com/\|chapter=The Communist Party and the "Cold War" (1945-1951)\|chapter-url=http://williamzfoster.blogspot.com/2013/01/chapter-thirty-three-communist-party.html}}</ref>		The CPUSA opposed the [[Korean War]] and [[Syngman Rhee]]'s puppet government in [[Republic of Korea\|South Korea]] as well as the U.S. puppet states in [[Taiwan Province]] and [[Republic of Vietnam (1955–1975)\|South Vietnam]]. On June 29, 1951, the CPUSA held the [[People's Congress for Peace]] in [[Chicago]]. The congress had 5,000 delegates, including 1,500 Black delegates and over 1,600 women.<ref>{{Citation\|author=William Z. Foster\|year=1952\|title=History of the Communist Party of the United States\|title-url=http://williamzfoster.blogspot.com/\|chapter=The Communist Party and the "Cold War" (1945-1951)\|chapter-url=http://williamzfoster.blogspot.com/2013/01/chapter-thirty-three-communist-party.html}}</ref>

			=== Liberalization of the CPUSA ===
			See: [[Collapse of CPUSA]]

	===Modern era===		===Modern era===
	In 2022, a party member [[Essay:On the Webbite Tendency in CPUSA\|published a criticism]] of the leadership of the party for isolating itself from the rank and file. Discussion and debate on the question of the criticism is encouraged, as that is the [[Dialectics\|dialectical method]] of arriving at correct facts.<ref>@ProleWiki on [[Twitter]]: [https://twitter.com/prolewiki/status/1546509082797932546?s=20&t=UmYvPWonntfSQABdajpQhg Feel free to polemicize against it in long form. You can use our “Essays” namespace or you can self-publish on substack or your own blog and we’ll be happy to add your criticisms in a section at the bottom of the page]</ref>		In 2022, a party member [[Essay:On the Webbite Tendency in CPUSA\|published a criticism]] of the leadership of the party for isolating itself from the rank and file. Discussion and debate on the question of the criticism is encouraged, as that is the [[Dialectics\|dialectical method]] of arriving at correct facts.<ref>@ProleWiki on [[Twitter]]: [https://twitter.com/prolewiki/status/1546509082797932546?s=20&t=UmYvPWonntfSQABdajpQhg Feel free to polemicize against it in long form. You can use our “Essays” namespace or you can self-publish on substack or your own blog and we’ll be happy to add your criticisms in a section at the bottom of the page]</ref>

imported>WikiSysop at 15:58, 12 January 2023

2023-01-12T15:58:41Z

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	==References==		==References==
	<references />		<references />
			[[Category:American communist parties]]

imported>WikiSysop: Undo revision 1739 by Neostalinistprop (talk)

2023-01-12T05:15:15Z

Undo revision 1739 by Neostalinistprop (talk)

← Older revision	Revision as of 05:15, 12 January 2023
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		The '''Communist Party of the United States of America''' ('''CPUSA''') is a [[communist party]] in the [[United States of America\|United States]] currently under a [[Reformism\|reformist]] and [[Opportunism\|opportunist]] leadership.<ref>{{News citation\|journalist=John Bachtell, chairman of PCUSA until 2019\|date=2014-06-23\|title=Elections, the state, reform and revolution\|url=http://www.politicalaffairs.net/elections-the-state-reform-and-revolution/\|newspaper=Political Affairs\|archive-url=\|archive-date=\|retrieved=\|quote=The CPUSA has long said the transition to US socialism will be much more prolonged and complex. [...] Just like the socialist society we envision - peaceful, humane and democratic – so too must be the path as it will shape every aspect of the new society.<br><br>[...]<br><br>Marx and Engels foresaw the possibility of peaceful transition particularly under conditions of the democratic or bourgeois republic. [...] Even Lenin initially thought a peaceful transition to workers' and peasants' power in Russia would be possible as a result of the crisis brought on by WWI, but the armed intervention of western imperialist powers changed the course of history.}}</ref><ref>{{News citation\|journalist=John Bachtell, chairman of CPUSA until 2019\|date=2018-04-25\|title=Marxism a vibrant philosophical outlook, says CPUSA leader\|url=https://www.cpusa.org/article/marxism-a-vibrant-philosophical-outlook-says-cpusa-leader/\|newspaper=CPUSA Blog\|archive-url=\|archive-date=\|retrieved=\|quote=Non-violent peaceful resistance is a very important form of struggle. <br><br>[...]<br><br>It will be what we call a democratic path. One that utilizes the electoral arena but also other democratic venues where we’re constantly trying to expand our right}}</ref><ref>[[Essay:On the Webbite Tendency in CPUSA\|On the Webbite Tendency in CPUSA]]: Essay by anonymous CPUSA Party member, published by [[Comrade:Jucheguevara\|Jucheguevara]]</ref> It was established in 1919 after a split from the [[Socialist Party of America]].

		[[Joe Sims]], who is the current national chairman, published a visibly opportunist distortion of [[Marxism]]'s core tenets in 2008.<ref>{{News citation\|journalist=Joe Sims\|date=2008-08-05\|title=Ten worst and best ideas of Marxism\|url=https://paeditorsblog.blogspot.com/2008/08/ten-worst-and-best-ideas-of-marxism.html?m=1\|newspaper=Political Affairs\|archive-url=\|archive-date=\|retrieved=\|quote=[Dictatorship of the proletariat is] probably the worst phrase uttered by a political theorist ever. Who wants to live in a dictatorship? Even if I agreed with it conceptually, (which I don't), the Machiavellian in me has enough sense not to repeat it. Indefensible. And by the way, working-class “hegemony” (whatever the hell that means, sorry Gramsicans), aint much better.}}</ref>
		==Structure==
		===National level===
		National conventions of the CPUSA are held once every four years. They may be postponed by a 75% vote of the National Committee or special conventions may be held with a 40% vote of the National Committee or a majority vote of all state and district committees. The national convention can amend the party constitution with a majority vote.

		At the national convention, a new National Committee is elected. The National Committee meets at least three times a year and can amend the party constitution with a 75% vote in addition to a majority vote of the majority of state and district committees.<ref name=":2">{{Citation\|author=30th National Convention\|year=2014\|title=Constitution of the Communist Party of the United States of America\|title-url=https://www.cpusa.org/party_info/cpusa-constitution/}}</ref>
		===District level===
		The National Committee of the CPUSA can establish state and district organizations. District organizations may cover multiple states or parts of states. State and district conventions meet once every four years, before the National Convention does. Additional state/district conventions can be called with a one-third vote of the State/District Committee or upon the request of clubs representing a third of the state or district's party membership. The State/District Committee meets at least four times a year, or three times a year in districts covering large geographic areas.<ref name=":2" />
		===Club level===
		Clubs are the smallest organizations of the CPUSA and represent local communities or workplaces. Club conventions meet once a year and elect a chair. Additional officers may also be elected depending on the club's size.<ref name=":2" />
		==History==
		===Formation===
		In 1919, the [[Communist International (1919–1943)\|Comintern]] urged the formation of a Statesian communist party composed of left elements of [[Socialism\|socialist]] groups that supported the [[dictatorship of the proletariat]]. On July 28, many members of the Socialist Party of America, including [[C. E. Ruthenberg]], [[Louis Fraina]], and [[Bertram D. Wolfe]], decided to split and form a new party.<ref>{{Citation\|author=Jacob A. Zumoff\|year=2014\|title=The Communist International and US Communism, 1919–1929\|chapter=The Formation of the Communist Party, 1912–21\|page=40–44\|pdf=https://discord.com/channels/691004496142401606/735427621982306364/948686196433899560\|city=Boston\|publisher=Global Oriental and Hotei Publishing}}</ref>

		After being expelled from the Socialist Party of America's convention, the Michigan group of the Socialist Party formed the Communist Party of America on September 1, 1919. The Communist Party soon had a membership of 58,000. Another smaller party was formed from this split, the [[Communist Labor Party of America\|Communist Labor Party]]. The CPA decided not to cooperate with non-revolutionary parties.<ref name=":0">{{Citation\|author=[[William Z. Foster]]\|year=1952\|title=History of the Communist Party of the United States\|title-url=http://williamzfoster.blogspot.com/\|chapter=The Formation of the Communist Party (1919-1921)\|chapter-url=http://williamzfoster.blogspot.com/2013/01/chapter-twelve-formation-of-communist.html}}</ref>
		===Palmer Raids===
		On October 16, 1919, the police raided the headquarters of the CLP in Cleveland and arrested its leadership. In New York City, 700 police raided meetings celebrating the anniversary of the [[Russian revolution of 1917\|October Revolution]]. During the night of January 6, 1920, President [[Woodrow Wilson]] authorized Attorney General [[A. Mitchell Palmer]] to carry out raids in 70 cities that led to approximately 10,000 arrests. Much of the leadership of the communist parties was arrested and over 500 people were deported. As a result of the [[Palmer Raids]], the membership of the CPA dropped from 60,000 to 10,000. In May 1920, the CPA and CLP combined to form the United Communist Party of America.<ref name=":0" />

		In August 1922, the government raided a party convention being held in Bridgman, [[Michigan]].<ref>{{Citation\|author=William Z. Foster\|year=1952\|title=History of the Communist Party of the United States\|title-url=http://williamzfoster.blogspot.com/\|chapter=The Communists and the Capitalist Offensive (1919-1923)\|chapter-url=http://williamzfoster.blogspot.com/2013/01/chapter-fourteen-communists-and.html}}</ref>

		The majority of party members were foreign-born and the party ran 27 publications in almost 20 languages.<ref>{{Citation\|author=William Z. Foster\|year=1952\|title=History of the Communist Party of the United States\|title-url=http://williamzfoster.blogspot.com/\|chapter=Building the Party of the New Type (1919-1929)\|chapter-url=http://williamzfoster.blogspot.com/2013/01/chapter-nineteen-building-party-of-new.html}}</ref>
		===Great Depression===
		In October 1929, a major economic crisis known as the [[Great Depression]] began. 17 million workers became unemployed and basic industrial production dropped by 50%. During the first four years of the Depression, party membership increased from under 10,000 to 18,000.

		On March 6, 1930, the CPUSA organized a demonstration of over a million workers and unemployed. In [[New York City]], the demonstration was met with 25,000 police and firemen.<ref name=":1">{{Citation\|author=William Z. Foster\|year=1952\|title=History of the Communist Party of the United States\|title-url=http://williamzfoster.blogspot.com/\|chapter=The Communist Party and the Great Economic Crisis (1929-1933)\|chapter-url=http://williamzfoster.blogspot.com/2013/01/chapter-twenty-communist-party-and.html}}</ref>

		The Seventh National Convention of the CPUSA was held in New York City in 1930 with 306 delegates. Party leaders, including [[William Z. Foster]], did not participate because they were in jail after attempting to present the demands of the [[Unemployment\|unemployed]] to Mayor [[Jimmy Walker]].<ref>{{Citation\|author=Marxists Internet Archive\|year=2009\|title=Communist Party of the United States of America (1919–1946)\|chapter=The Communist Party, USA\|publisher=\|mia=https://www.marxists.org/history/usa/eam/cpa/communistparty.html}}</ref>

		In 1932, William Z. Foster ran for president and received over 100,000 votes.<ref name=":1" />
		===Second World War===
		The CPUSA was initially opposed to U.S. involvement in the [[Second World War]] but changed its position after [[German Reich (1933–1945)\|Nazi Germany]] attacked the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)\|Soviet Union]]. 15,000 party members fought against [[fascism]] during the war. While many communist men were fighting in the war, women increased their share of leadership in the party and four women were elected to the National Committee.

		In 1943, Communist [[Peter V. Cacchione]] was elected to City Council in the [[State of New York\|New York]] municipal elections. At the same time, [[Benjamin J. Davis Jr.]] became the first Black communist to be elected to public office. By 1944, the party had 80,000 members.

		General Secretary [[Earl Browder]] made an opportunist error and assumed that the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\|United Kingdom]] and United States would support the communist movement because they had agreed to help the Soviet Union in the war.<ref>{{Citation\|author=William Z. Foster\|year=1952\|title=History of the Communist Party of the United States\|title-url=http://williamzfoster.blogspot.com/\|chapter=The Communists in the War (1941-1945)\|chapter-url=http://williamzfoster.blogspot.com/2013/01/chapter-twenty-nine-communists-in-war.html}}</ref>
		===Postwar period===
		In 1947, the party affirmed the line that the [[African diaspora in the United States\|African diaspora]] has a right to full nationhood.

		In the 1948 presidential election, the CPUSA supported the [[Progressive Party]], led by [[Henry A. Wallace]], which had been created in 1948. The Progressive Party received 1,158,000 votes in the election.

		The CPUSA opposed the [[Korean War]] and [[Syngman Rhee]]'s puppet government in [[Republic of Korea\|South Korea]] as well as the U.S. puppet states in [[Taiwan Province]] and [[Republic of Vietnam (1955–1975)\|South Vietnam]]. On June 29, 1951, the CPUSA held the [[People's Congress for Peace]] in [[Chicago]]. The congress had 5,000 delegates, including 1,500 Black delegates and over 1,600 women.<ref>{{Citation\|author=William Z. Foster\|year=1952\|title=History of the Communist Party of the United States\|title-url=http://williamzfoster.blogspot.com/\|chapter=The Communist Party and the "Cold War" (1945-1951)\|chapter-url=http://williamzfoster.blogspot.com/2013/01/chapter-thirty-three-communist-party.html}}</ref>
		===Modern era===
		In 2022, a party member [[Essay:On the Webbite Tendency in CPUSA\|published a criticism]] of the leadership of the party for isolating itself from the rank and file. Discussion and debate on the question of the criticism is encouraged, as that is the [[Dialectics\|dialectical method]] of arriving at correct facts.<ref>@ProleWiki on [[Twitter]]: [https://twitter.com/prolewiki/status/1546509082797932546?s=20&t=UmYvPWonntfSQABdajpQhg Feel free to polemicize against it in long form. You can use our “Essays” namespace or you can self-publish on substack or your own blog and we’ll be happy to add your criticisms in a section at the bottom of the page]</ref>
		==Districts==
		The CPUSA website has a list of districts with contact information:<ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Communist Party USA\|title=Contact\|url=https://www.cpusa.org/contact/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707000105/https://www.cpusa.org/contact/\|archive-date=2022-07-07\|retrieved=2022-08-08}}</ref>
		*Arizona
		*Colorado
		*Connecticut
		*Eastern Pennsylvania and Delaware
		*Florida
		*Georgia
		*Hawaii
		*Illinois
		*Indiana
		*Maine
		*Maryland
		*Massachusetts
		*Michigan
		*Minnesota and the Dakotas
		*Missouri/Kansas
		*New Jersey
		*New Mexico
		*New York
		*North Carolina
		*Ohio
		*Oklahoma
		*Oregon
		*San Francisco Bay Area
		*South Carolina
		*Southern California
		*Texas
		*Virginia
		*Washington (state)
		*Washington, D.C.
		*Western Pennsylvania
		==References==
		<references />

imported>Neostalinistprop: Blanked the page

2023-01-06T04:32:22Z

Blanked the page

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:32, 6 January 2023
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	The '''Communist Party of the United States of America''' ('''CPUSA''') is a [[communist party]] in the [[United States of America\|United States]] currently under a [[Reformism\|reformist]] and [[Opportunism\|opportunist]] leadership.<ref>{{News citation\|journalist=John Bachtell, chairman of PCUSA until 2019\|date=2014-06-23\|title=Elections, the state, reform and revolution\|url=http://www.politicalaffairs.net/elections-the-state-reform-and-revolution/\|newspaper=Political Affairs\|archive-url=\|archive-date=\|retrieved=\|quote=The CPUSA has long said the transition to US socialism will be much more prolonged and complex. [...] Just like the socialist society we envision - peaceful, humane and democratic – so too must be the path as it will shape every aspect of the new society.<br><br>[...]<br><br>Marx and Engels foresaw the possibility of peaceful transition particularly under conditions of the democratic or bourgeois republic. [...] Even Lenin initially thought a peaceful transition to workers' and peasants' power in Russia would be possible as a result of the crisis brought on by WWI, but the armed intervention of western imperialist powers changed the course of history.}}</ref><ref>{{News citation\|journalist=John Bachtell, chairman of CPUSA until 2019\|date=2018-04-25\|title=Marxism a vibrant philosophical outlook, says CPUSA leader\|url=https://www.cpusa.org/article/marxism-a-vibrant-philosophical-outlook-says-cpusa-leader/\|newspaper=CPUSA Blog\|archive-url=\|archive-date=\|retrieved=\|quote=Non-violent peaceful resistance is a very important form of struggle. <br><br>[...]<br><br>It will be what we call a democratic path. One that utilizes the electoral arena but also other democratic venues where we’re constantly trying to expand our right}}</ref><ref>[[Essay:On the Webbite Tendency in CPUSA\|On the Webbite Tendency in CPUSA]]: Essay by anonymous CPUSA Party member, published by [[Comrade:Jucheguevara\|Jucheguevara]]</ref> It was established in 1919 after a split from the [[Socialist Party of America]].

	[[Joe Sims]], who is the current national chairman, published a visibly opportunist distortion of [[Marxism]]'s core tenets in 2008.<ref>{{News citation\|journalist=Joe Sims\|date=2008-08-05\|title=Ten worst and best ideas of Marxism\|url=https://paeditorsblog.blogspot.com/2008/08/ten-worst-and-best-ideas-of-marxism.html?m=1\|newspaper=Political Affairs\|archive-url=\|archive-date=\|retrieved=\|quote=[Dictatorship of the proletariat is] probably the worst phrase uttered by a political theorist ever. Who wants to live in a dictatorship? Even if I agreed with it conceptually, (which I don't), the Machiavellian in me has enough sense not to repeat it. Indefensible. And by the way, working-class “hegemony” (whatever the hell that means, sorry Gramsicans), aint much better.}}</ref>
	~~==Structure==~~
	~~===National level===~~
	National conventions of the CPUSA are held once every four years. They may be postponed by a 75% vote of the National Committee or special conventions may be held with a 40% vote of the National Committee or a majority vote of all state and district committees. The national convention can amend the party constitution with a majority vote.

	At the national convention, a new National Committee is elected. The National Committee meets at least three times a year and can amend the party constitution with a 75% vote in addition to a majority vote of the majority of state and district committees.<ref name=":2">{{Citation\|author=30th National Convention\|year=2014\|title=Constitution of the Communist Party of the United States of America\|title-url=https://www.cpusa.org/party_info/cpusa-constitution/}}</ref>
	~~===District level===~~
	The National Committee of the CPUSA can establish state and district organizations. District organizations may cover multiple states or parts of states. State and district conventions meet once every four years, before the National Convention does. Additional state/district conventions can be called with a one-third vote of the State/District Committee or upon the request of clubs representing a third of the state or district's party membership. The State/District Committee meets at least four times a year, or three times a year in districts covering large geographic areas.<ref name=":2" />
	~~===Club level===~~
	Clubs are the smallest organizations of the CPUSA and represent local communities or workplaces. Club conventions meet once a year and elect a chair. Additional officers may also be elected depending on the club's size.<ref name=":2" />
	~~==History==~~
	~~===Formation===~~
	In 1919, the [[Communist International (1919–1943)\|Comintern]] urged the formation of a Statesian communist party composed of left elements of [[Socialism\|socialist]] groups that supported the [[dictatorship of the proletariat]]. On July 28, many members of the Socialist Party of America, including [[C. E. Ruthenberg]], [[Louis Fraina]], and [[Bertram D. Wolfe]], decided to split and form a new party.<ref>{{Citation\|author=Jacob A. Zumoff\|year=2014\|title=The Communist International and US Communism, 1919–1929\|chapter=The Formation of the Communist Party, 1912–21\|page=40–44\|pdf=https://discord.com/channels/691004496142401606/735427621982306364/948686196433899560\|city=Boston\|publisher=Global Oriental and Hotei Publishing}}</ref>

	After being expelled from the Socialist Party of America's convention, the Michigan group of the Socialist Party formed the Communist Party of America on September 1, 1919. The Communist Party soon had a membership of 58,000. Another smaller party was formed from this split, the [[Communist Labor Party of America\|Communist Labor Party]]. The CPA decided not to cooperate with non-revolutionary parties.<ref name=":0">{{Citation\|author=[[William Z. Foster]]\|year=1952\|title=History of the Communist Party of the United States\|title-url=http://williamzfoster.blogspot.com/\|chapter=The Formation of the Communist Party (1919-1921)\|chapter-url=http://williamzfoster.blogspot.com/2013/01/chapter-twelve-formation-of-communist.html}}</ref>
	~~===Palmer Raids===~~
	On October 16, 1919, the police raided the headquarters of the CLP in Cleveland and arrested its leadership. In New York City, 700 police raided meetings celebrating the anniversary of the [[Russian revolution of 1917\|October Revolution]]. During the night of January 6, 1920, President [[Woodrow Wilson]] authorized Attorney General [[A. Mitchell Palmer]] to carry out raids in 70 cities that led to approximately 10,000 arrests. Much of the leadership of the communist parties was arrested and over 500 people were deported. As a result of the [[Palmer Raids]], the membership of the CPA dropped from 60,000 to 10,000. In May 1920, the CPA and CLP combined to form the United Communist Party of America.<ref name=":0" />

	In August 1922, the government raided a party convention being held in Bridgman, [[Michigan]].<ref>{{Citation\|author=William Z. Foster\|year=1952\|title=History of the Communist Party of the United States\|title-url=http://williamzfoster.blogspot.com/\|chapter=The Communists and the Capitalist Offensive (1919-1923)\|chapter-url=http://williamzfoster.blogspot.com/2013/01/chapter-fourteen-communists-and.html}}</ref>

	The majority of party members were foreign-born and the party ran 27 publications in almost 20 languages.<ref>{{Citation\|author=William Z. Foster\|year=1952\|title=History of the Communist Party of the United States\|title-url=http://williamzfoster.blogspot.com/\|chapter=Building the Party of the New Type (1919-1929)\|chapter-url=http://williamzfoster.blogspot.com/2013/01/chapter-nineteen-building-party-of-new.html}}</ref>
	~~===Great Depression===~~
	In October 1929, a major economic crisis known as the [[Great Depression]] began. 17 million workers became unemployed and basic industrial production dropped by 50%. During the first four years of the Depression, party membership increased from under 10,000 to 18,000.

	On March 6, 1930, the CPUSA organized a demonstration of over a million workers and unemployed. In [[New York City]], the demonstration was met with 25,000 police and firemen.<ref name=":1">{{Citation\|author=William Z. Foster\|year=1952\|title=History of the Communist Party of the United States\|title-url=http://williamzfoster.blogspot.com/\|chapter=The Communist Party and the Great Economic Crisis (1929-1933)\|chapter-url=http://williamzfoster.blogspot.com/2013/01/chapter-twenty-communist-party-and.html}}</ref>

	The Seventh National Convention of the CPUSA was held in New York City in 1930 with 306 delegates. Party leaders, including [[William Z. Foster]], did not participate because they were in jail after attempting to present the demands of the [[Unemployment\|unemployed]] to Mayor [[Jimmy Walker]].<ref>{{Citation\|author=Marxists Internet Archive\|year=2009\|title=Communist Party of the United States of America (1919–1946)\|chapter=The Communist Party, USA\|publisher=\|mia=https://www.marxists.org/history/usa/eam/cpa/communistparty.html}}</ref>

	~~In 1932, William Z. Foster ran for president and received over 100,000 votes.<ref name=":1" />~~
	~~===Second World War===~~
	The CPUSA was initially opposed to U.S. involvement in the [[Second World War]] but changed its position after [[German Reich (1933–1945)\|Nazi Germany]] attacked the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)\|Soviet Union]]. 15,000 party members fought against [[fascism]] during the war. While many communist men were fighting in the war, women increased their share of leadership in the party and four women were elected to the National Committee.

	In 1943, Communist [[Peter V. Cacchione]] was elected to City Council in the [[State of New York\|New York]] municipal elections. At the same time, [[Benjamin J. Davis Jr.]] became the first Black communist to be elected to public office. By 1944, the party had 80,000 members.

	General Secretary [[Earl Browder]] made an opportunist error and assumed that the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\|United Kingdom]] and United States would support the communist movement because they had agreed to help the Soviet Union in the war.<ref>{{Citation\|author=William Z. Foster\|year=1952\|title=History of the Communist Party of the United States\|title-url=http://williamzfoster.blogspot.com/\|chapter=The Communists in the War (1941-1945)\|chapter-url=http://williamzfoster.blogspot.com/2013/01/chapter-twenty-nine-communists-in-war.html}}</ref>
	~~===Postwar period===~~
	~~In 1947, the party affirmed the line that the [[African diaspora in the United States\|African diaspora]] has a right to full nationhood.~~

	In the 1948 presidential election, the CPUSA supported the [[Progressive Party]], led by [[Henry A. Wallace]], which had been created in 1948. The Progressive Party received 1,158,000 votes in the election.

	The CPUSA opposed the [[Korean War]] and [[Syngman Rhee]]'s puppet government in [[Republic of Korea\|South Korea]] as well as the U.S. puppet states in [[Taiwan Province]] and [[Republic of Vietnam (1955–1975)\|South Vietnam]]. On June 29, 1951, the CPUSA held the [[People's Congress for Peace]] in [[Chicago]]. The congress had 5,000 delegates, including 1,500 Black delegates and over 1,600 women.<ref>{{Citation\|author=William Z. Foster\|year=1952\|title=History of the Communist Party of the United States\|title-url=http://williamzfoster.blogspot.com/\|chapter=The Communist Party and the "Cold War" (1945-1951)\|chapter-url=http://williamzfoster.blogspot.com/2013/01/chapter-thirty-three-communist-party.html}}</ref>
	~~===Modern era===~~
	In 2022, a party member [[Essay:On the Webbite Tendency in CPUSA\|published a criticism]] of the leadership of the party for isolating itself from the rank and file. Discussion and debate on the question of the criticism is encouraged, as that is the [[Dialectics\|dialectical method]] of arriving at correct facts.<ref>@ProleWiki on [[Twitter]]: [https://twitter.com/prolewiki/status/1546509082797932546?s=20&t=UmYvPWonntfSQABdajpQhg Feel free to polemicize against it in long form. You can use our “Essays” namespace or you can self-publish on substack or your own blog and we’ll be happy to add your criticisms in a section at the bottom of the page]</ref>
	~~==Districts==~~
	The CPUSA website has a list of districts with contact information:<ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Communist Party USA\|title=Contact\|url=https://www.cpusa.org/contact/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707000105/https://www.cpusa.org/contact/\|archive-date=2022-07-07\|retrieved=2022-08-08}}</ref>
	*Arizona
	*Colorado
	*Connecticut
	*Eastern Pennsylvania and Delaware
	*Florida
	*Georgia
	*Hawaii
	*Illinois
	*Indiana
	*Maine
	*Maryland
	*Massachusetts
	*Michigan
	*Minnesota and the Dakotas
	*Missouri/Kansas
	*New Jersey
	*New Mexico
	*New York
	*North Carolina
	*Ohio
	*Oklahoma
	*Oregon
	*San Francisco Bay Area
	*South Carolina
	*Southern California
	*Texas
	*Virginia
	*Washington (state)
	*Washington, D.C.
	*Western Pennsylvania
	~~==References==~~
	~~<references />~~

imported>WikiSysop at 15:28, 2 January 2023

2023-01-02T15:28:39Z

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		The '''Communist Party of the United States of America''' ('''CPUSA''') is a [[communist party]] in the [[United States of America\|United States]] currently under a [[Reformism\|reformist]] and [[Opportunism\|opportunist]] leadership.<ref>{{News citation\|journalist=John Bachtell, chairman of PCUSA until 2019\|date=2014-06-23\|title=Elections, the state, reform and revolution\|url=http://www.politicalaffairs.net/elections-the-state-reform-and-revolution/\|newspaper=Political Affairs\|archive-url=\|archive-date=\|retrieved=\|quote=The CPUSA has long said the transition to US socialism will be much more prolonged and complex. [...] Just like the socialist society we envision - peaceful, humane and democratic – so too must be the path as it will shape every aspect of the new society.<br><br>[...]<br><br>Marx and Engels foresaw the possibility of peaceful transition particularly under conditions of the democratic or bourgeois republic. [...] Even Lenin initially thought a peaceful transition to workers' and peasants' power in Russia would be possible as a result of the crisis brought on by WWI, but the armed intervention of western imperialist powers changed the course of history.}}</ref><ref>{{News citation\|journalist=John Bachtell, chairman of CPUSA until 2019\|date=2018-04-25\|title=Marxism a vibrant philosophical outlook, says CPUSA leader\|url=https://www.cpusa.org/article/marxism-a-vibrant-philosophical-outlook-says-cpusa-leader/\|newspaper=CPUSA Blog\|archive-url=\|archive-date=\|retrieved=\|quote=Non-violent peaceful resistance is a very important form of struggle. <br><br>[...]<br><br>It will be what we call a democratic path. One that utilizes the electoral arena but also other democratic venues where we’re constantly trying to expand our right}}</ref><ref>[[Essay:On the Webbite Tendency in CPUSA\|On the Webbite Tendency in CPUSA]]: Essay by anonymous CPUSA Party member, published by [[Comrade:Jucheguevara\|Jucheguevara]]</ref> It was established in 1919 after a split from the [[Socialist Party of America]].

		[[Joe Sims]], who is the current national chairman, published a visibly opportunist distortion of [[Marxism]]'s core tenets in 2008.<ref>{{News citation\|journalist=Joe Sims\|date=2008-08-05\|title=Ten worst and best ideas of Marxism\|url=https://paeditorsblog.blogspot.com/2008/08/ten-worst-and-best-ideas-of-marxism.html?m=1\|newspaper=Political Affairs\|archive-url=\|archive-date=\|retrieved=\|quote=[Dictatorship of the proletariat is] probably the worst phrase uttered by a political theorist ever. Who wants to live in a dictatorship? Even if I agreed with it conceptually, (which I don't), the Machiavellian in me has enough sense not to repeat it. Indefensible. And by the way, working-class “hegemony” (whatever the hell that means, sorry Gramsicans), aint much better.}}</ref>
		==Structure==
		===National level===
		National conventions of the CPUSA are held once every four years. They may be postponed by a 75% vote of the National Committee or special conventions may be held with a 40% vote of the National Committee or a majority vote of all state and district committees. The national convention can amend the party constitution with a majority vote.

		At the national convention, a new National Committee is elected. The National Committee meets at least three times a year and can amend the party constitution with a 75% vote in addition to a majority vote of the majority of state and district committees.<ref name=":2">{{Citation\|author=30th National Convention\|year=2014\|title=Constitution of the Communist Party of the United States of America\|title-url=https://www.cpusa.org/party_info/cpusa-constitution/}}</ref>
		===District level===
		The National Committee of the CPUSA can establish state and district organizations. District organizations may cover multiple states or parts of states. State and district conventions meet once every four years, before the National Convention does. Additional state/district conventions can be called with a one-third vote of the State/District Committee or upon the request of clubs representing a third of the state or district's party membership. The State/District Committee meets at least four times a year, or three times a year in districts covering large geographic areas.<ref name=":2" />
		===Club level===
		Clubs are the smallest organizations of the CPUSA and represent local communities or workplaces. Club conventions meet once a year and elect a chair. Additional officers may also be elected depending on the club's size.<ref name=":2" />
		==History==
		===Formation===
		In 1919, the [[Communist International (1919–1943)\|Comintern]] urged the formation of a Statesian communist party composed of left elements of [[Socialism\|socialist]] groups that supported the [[dictatorship of the proletariat]]. On July 28, many members of the Socialist Party of America, including [[C. E. Ruthenberg]], [[Louis Fraina]], and [[Bertram D. Wolfe]], decided to split and form a new party.<ref>{{Citation\|author=Jacob A. Zumoff\|year=2014\|title=The Communist International and US Communism, 1919–1929\|chapter=The Formation of the Communist Party, 1912–21\|page=40–44\|pdf=https://discord.com/channels/691004496142401606/735427621982306364/948686196433899560\|city=Boston\|publisher=Global Oriental and Hotei Publishing}}</ref>

		After being expelled from the Socialist Party of America's convention, the Michigan group of the Socialist Party formed the Communist Party of America on September 1, 1919. The Communist Party soon had a membership of 58,000. Another smaller party was formed from this split, the [[Communist Labor Party of America\|Communist Labor Party]]. The CPA decided not to cooperate with non-revolutionary parties.<ref name=":0">{{Citation\|author=[[William Z. Foster]]\|year=1952\|title=History of the Communist Party of the United States\|title-url=http://williamzfoster.blogspot.com/\|chapter=The Formation of the Communist Party (1919-1921)\|chapter-url=http://williamzfoster.blogspot.com/2013/01/chapter-twelve-formation-of-communist.html}}</ref>
		===Palmer Raids===
		On October 16, 1919, the police raided the headquarters of the CLP in Cleveland and arrested its leadership. In New York City, 700 police raided meetings celebrating the anniversary of the [[Russian revolution of 1917\|October Revolution]]. During the night of January 6, 1920, President [[Woodrow Wilson]] authorized Attorney General [[A. Mitchell Palmer]] to carry out raids in 70 cities that led to approximately 10,000 arrests. Much of the leadership of the communist parties was arrested and over 500 people were deported. As a result of the [[Palmer Raids]], the membership of the CPA dropped from 60,000 to 10,000. In May 1920, the CPA and CLP combined to form the United Communist Party of America.<ref name=":0" />

		In August 1922, the government raided a party convention being held in Bridgman, [[Michigan]].<ref>{{Citation\|author=William Z. Foster\|year=1952\|title=History of the Communist Party of the United States\|title-url=http://williamzfoster.blogspot.com/\|chapter=The Communists and the Capitalist Offensive (1919-1923)\|chapter-url=http://williamzfoster.blogspot.com/2013/01/chapter-fourteen-communists-and.html}}</ref>

		The majority of party members were foreign-born and the party ran 27 publications in almost 20 languages.<ref>{{Citation\|author=William Z. Foster\|year=1952\|title=History of the Communist Party of the United States\|title-url=http://williamzfoster.blogspot.com/\|chapter=Building the Party of the New Type (1919-1929)\|chapter-url=http://williamzfoster.blogspot.com/2013/01/chapter-nineteen-building-party-of-new.html}}</ref>
		===Great Depression===
		In October 1929, a major economic crisis known as the [[Great Depression]] began. 17 million workers became unemployed and basic industrial production dropped by 50%. During the first four years of the Depression, party membership increased from under 10,000 to 18,000.

		On March 6, 1930, the CPUSA organized a demonstration of over a million workers and unemployed. In [[New York City]], the demonstration was met with 25,000 police and firemen.<ref name=":1">{{Citation\|author=William Z. Foster\|year=1952\|title=History of the Communist Party of the United States\|title-url=http://williamzfoster.blogspot.com/\|chapter=The Communist Party and the Great Economic Crisis (1929-1933)\|chapter-url=http://williamzfoster.blogspot.com/2013/01/chapter-twenty-communist-party-and.html}}</ref>

		The Seventh National Convention of the CPUSA was held in New York City in 1930 with 306 delegates. Party leaders, including [[William Z. Foster]], did not participate because they were in jail after attempting to present the demands of the [[Unemployment\|unemployed]] to Mayor [[Jimmy Walker]].<ref>{{Citation\|author=Marxists Internet Archive\|year=2009\|title=Communist Party of the United States of America (1919–1946)\|chapter=The Communist Party, USA\|publisher=\|mia=https://www.marxists.org/history/usa/eam/cpa/communistparty.html}}</ref>

		In 1932, William Z. Foster ran for president and received over 100,000 votes.<ref name=":1" />
		===Second World War===
		The CPUSA was initially opposed to U.S. involvement in the [[Second World War]] but changed its position after [[German Reich (1933–1945)\|Nazi Germany]] attacked the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)\|Soviet Union]]. 15,000 party members fought against [[fascism]] during the war. While many communist men were fighting in the war, women increased their share of leadership in the party and four women were elected to the National Committee.

		In 1943, Communist [[Peter V. Cacchione]] was elected to City Council in the [[State of New York\|New York]] municipal elections. At the same time, [[Benjamin J. Davis Jr.]] became the first Black communist to be elected to public office. By 1944, the party had 80,000 members.

		General Secretary [[Earl Browder]] made an opportunist error and assumed that the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\|United Kingdom]] and United States would support the communist movement because they had agreed to help the Soviet Union in the war.<ref>{{Citation\|author=William Z. Foster\|year=1952\|title=History of the Communist Party of the United States\|title-url=http://williamzfoster.blogspot.com/\|chapter=The Communists in the War (1941-1945)\|chapter-url=http://williamzfoster.blogspot.com/2013/01/chapter-twenty-nine-communists-in-war.html}}</ref>
		===Postwar period===
		In 1947, the party affirmed the line that the [[African diaspora in the United States\|African diaspora]] has a right to full nationhood.

		In the 1948 presidential election, the CPUSA supported the [[Progressive Party]], led by [[Henry A. Wallace]], which had been created in 1948. The Progressive Party received 1,158,000 votes in the election.

		The CPUSA opposed the [[Korean War]] and [[Syngman Rhee]]'s puppet government in [[Republic of Korea\|South Korea]] as well as the U.S. puppet states in [[Taiwan Province]] and [[Republic of Vietnam (1955–1975)\|South Vietnam]]. On June 29, 1951, the CPUSA held the [[People's Congress for Peace]] in [[Chicago]]. The congress had 5,000 delegates, including 1,500 Black delegates and over 1,600 women.<ref>{{Citation\|author=William Z. Foster\|year=1952\|title=History of the Communist Party of the United States\|title-url=http://williamzfoster.blogspot.com/\|chapter=The Communist Party and the "Cold War" (1945-1951)\|chapter-url=http://williamzfoster.blogspot.com/2013/01/chapter-thirty-three-communist-party.html}}</ref>
		===Modern era===
		In 2022, a party member [[Essay:On the Webbite Tendency in CPUSA\|published a criticism]] of the leadership of the party for isolating itself from the rank and file. Discussion and debate on the question of the criticism is encouraged, as that is the [[Dialectics\|dialectical method]] of arriving at correct facts.<ref>@ProleWiki on [[Twitter]]: [https://twitter.com/prolewiki/status/1546509082797932546?s=20&t=UmYvPWonntfSQABdajpQhg Feel free to polemicize against it in long form. You can use our “Essays” namespace or you can self-publish on substack or your own blog and we’ll be happy to add your criticisms in a section at the bottom of the page]</ref>
		==Districts==
		The CPUSA website has a list of districts with contact information:<ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Communist Party USA\|title=Contact\|url=https://www.cpusa.org/contact/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707000105/https://www.cpusa.org/contact/\|archive-date=2022-07-07\|retrieved=2022-08-08}}</ref>
		*Arizona
		*Colorado
		*Connecticut
		*Eastern Pennsylvania and Delaware
		*Florida
		*Georgia
		*Hawaii
		*Illinois
		*Indiana
		*Maine
		*Maryland
		*Massachusetts
		*Michigan
		*Minnesota and the Dakotas
		*Missouri/Kansas
		*New Jersey
		*New Mexico
		*New York
		*North Carolina
		*Ohio
		*Oklahoma
		*Oregon
		*San Francisco Bay Area
		*South Carolina
		*Southern California
		*Texas
		*Virginia
		*Washington (state)
		*Washington, D.C.
		*Western Pennsylvania
		==References==
		<references />

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imported>WikiSysop: Undo revision 1502 by Anti-revisionistMLS (talk)

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