Mensheviks
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The Mensheviks were the communist party that Lenin split from to form the Bolsheviks. Lenin contested that the party should professionalize, developing a small but advanced, committed core of cadre, while the Mensheviks believed in recruiting the masses with nothing but an ideological declaration.
Lenin was proven right. The Bolsheviks (initially outnumbered, even though their name meant "majority" and Menshevik "minority") grew stronger than the Mensheviks. Meanwhile, the Mensheviks degenerated into fully serving the bourgeois, and fought against the Bolsheviks in the Russian Civil War. By siding with the White Army, effectively becoming tools of the Tsarists, they were even less advanced than the Left SRs (Social-Revolutionaries) who fought alongside the Bolsheviks and soviet councils.
The Japanese Communist Party is Menshevist today. It is basically social-democrat and reformist.